I think the vacuum tank in the portable milker serve a few purposes:
1: Serve as a liquid collector. This might be the most important part of the vacuum tank. Milker machine use vacuum to pull milk out of the odder and the milk get collected in a bucket/tank, which is in line with the other components, and the vacuum pump is the end of it. Putting a vacuum tank between the pump and the milk bucket, will prevent the milk or condensate getting to the vacuum pump, either accidentally kicking the milk bucket over or over flowing unnoticed.
2: Serve as a vacuum pressure buffering device. Experiments show, it may reduce the fluctuation of the pressure, in small bucket milkers, but really limited.
This vacuum tank:
https://milkersupply.com/product_info.php?cPath=41&sort=1a&products_id=236 has a few choices of the tanks, the mobile base can serve as a dolly and carry a vacuum pump on it, making the milker more portable and easy to move around.
All the milkers have connections of the other components to it, like gauge, regulator, or even pulsator.
Jack